Answer to #2 Question of the Week for Friday 1 September.

 

When the wind before the rain

Let your topsails draw again

When the rain before the wind

Topsail sheets and halyards mind.

 

Short Answer

1. Thunderstorms
2. If before it starts raining, the wind has already increased significantly then chances are when it starts raining you will see little to no increase in wind strength. On the other hand, if it starts raining before the wind increases then look out, the wind is coming, usually with a vengeance.

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To understand why this proverb rings true, we need to take a look at the anatomy of a thunderstorm to see what is taking place.

A thunderstorm is caused by warm moist air rising from the surface, eventually creating a chimney with hot air rising up the center surrounded by cooler air.  As the rising warm air reaches high altitude wind shear causes the warm moist air to spread out forming the classic anvil of a thunderstorm and allowing the chimney to continue drawing in warm moist air.

When the atmosphere is saturated rain begins to fall cooling the surrounding air causing it to lose buoyancy.  As the air parcel falls it gains momentum until it reaches the surface and then spreads out as straight-line winds in all directions with its strength determined by the severity of the storm.  In a severe thunderstorm, this descending air parcel can reach speeds of 150 knots (a microburst) though you will typically see winds more in the 25-60 knot range.

If the air parcel reaches the surface before it starts raining (“When the wind before the rain”)

and you have reefed accordingly then all should be good.  If on the other hand if it has started raining (“When the rain before the wind”) with no increase in wind strength then the falling precipitation has yet to cool the warm air enough to cause it to lose buoyancy and start falling, but it is going to and you need to take action now.

Like many “Old Salts” I got more than one t-shirt from this experience before I learned, “Thunderstorm-raining-no wind-REEF!”  Now when I see a thunderstorm coming that I can’t avoid I typically like to douse the jib and double reef the main.  Then I am I in position to either Heave To and wait out the weather (usually less than 30 minutes) or if the conditions are right set more sail and continue on.  Either way it is better than getting caught with all standing!